A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding Artificial Turf Terminology

Whether you’re considering synthetic turf for your backyard, AstroTurf for your sports field, or a commercial property, there’s no doubt you’ll come across some industry-specific jargon. Understanding these terms will help you make an informed decision and select the best product for your needs. Here’s a handy glossary of essential terms related to our invention, artificial grass.

Adhesive

Adhesive

Industrial adhesives, products not found in home supply stores, are used to bond synthetic turf seams and inserts, and, in some applications, a total glue down of the synthetic turf to the base. Synthetic turf adhesives should be applied by experienced, professional installers. The adhesives should provide a strong, hazard-free, and durable bond between adjacent turf panels or sections and to be usable for installation under variable weather conditions. The adhesive should also be resistant to water, fungus, and mildew. Synthetic turf adhesives include: one-part adhesives (urethane), two-part (epoxy or urethane), hot melt, and water-based (latex) and one-part, solvent/isocyanate free adhesive (SMP).

Aggregate Base (or Base Materials)

Construction and Installation

The aggregate base on which the synthetic turf is installed provides a structurally sound foundation for field construction, and a media for drainage of the field. The base is designed to ensure that once the field is in place, it never moves. A good geotechnical report will provide essential information for a firm and stable base for the synthetic turf.

Antimicrobial

Additive

Antimicrobial is a general term that refers to any substance, natural or synthetic, that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms. These microorganisms can include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. This can be effective on bacteria and fungi. The substance can be applied topically or embedded in fiber or infill. Antimicrobials can be classified based on the type of organisms they act against.

Antistatic Properties

Turf

Antistatic properties refer to the ability of a material or object to prevent or reduce the buildup or discharge of static electricity. Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges on the surface of an object, which can occur when two materials come into contact or are separated. When certain materials rub against each other or are subjected to friction, electrons can be transferred from one material to another, causing an excess of either positive or negative charges. This imbalance creates static electricity, which can lead to various issues such as electric shocks, interference with sensitive electronic equipment, or attraction of dust and other particles. To counteract these problems, antistatic properties are introduced to materials or objects.

ASTM

Standards Organization

The American Society for Testing and Materials. An international standards organization that develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services.

Backing

Backing

Materials comprising the back of the turf, as opposed to the turf or face. The adhesive backing refers to the urethane or latex coating. Turf backing refers to the stabilizing fabrics that are used to secure the fiber tufts.

Ball-Surface Interaction

Performance

Ball-surface interaction describes the performance characteristics of the field that relate to the ways in which the ball reacts to the surface. It is important that the ball perform as close as possible to the optimal performance characteristics for the sport or sports being played on the field. Therefore, measurements of vertical ball rebound, angled ball rebound, and ball roll, are taken to compare against the published standards of the regulatory organization(s) applicable to each sport.

Brushing (or Grooming)

Maintenance

Periodic brushing or grooming of the synthetic turf surface by a static (non-rotary) double brush is important to redistribute the infill evenly throughout the field, ensure that the exposed part of the fiber is uniform in its direction and is vertical, and helps remove litter, leaves, etc. The brushing activities should conform to the written maintenance guidelines provided by the installation company.

Cleaning

Maintenance

The periodic use of a vacuum, sweeper or blower should be applied to keep the synthetic surface clean. This equipment should be compatible with synthetic turf fields. This typically means wider tires and softer nylon type brushes. The cleaning activities should conform to the written maintenance suggested guidelines provided by the synthetic installation builder.

Collection

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Collection in turf refers to the logistical process of gathering and removing waste materials, specifically related to the management of synthetic turf systems. It involves the systematic and organized collection of various components, such as worn-out turf, infill materials, or other waste generated during installation, maintenance, or replacement activities. Collection involves the logistics of moving the waste materials from their source, such as sports fields, playgrounds, or turf installation sites, to a designated location where further actions can be taken. This may involve using appropriate vehicles, containers, or packaging to safely transport the waste materials.

Compaction

Construction and Installation

The field base materials should be thoroughly compacted to prevent any significant differential settlement across the area of synthetic turf surfacing. The appropriate moisture content must be maintained in the base materials to allow for optimal levels of compaction. Compaction can also mean an unwanted condition of the infill. De-compacting the infill using special maintenance equipment will improve drainage, g-max, safety, and playability.

Contaminant

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

In turf, a contaminant refers to any unwanted or undesirable substance that is present in the turf system. It is a material or substance that can potentially cause harm, disrupt performance, or negatively impact the environment or user safety. Contaminants can enter the turf system through various sources. Examples may include improper maintenance practices, environmental pollution, or accidental spills. Contaminants can also result from the accumulation of debris or foreign materials during use, such as leaves, litter, or other substances introduced onto the turf surface.

Copolymer

Polymer Compound

A turf copolymer is a type of polymer material that is specifically designed for use in synthetic turf or artificial grass systems. It is used as an infill material or as a component of the backing or base of the turf to provide various desirable properties. Turf copolymers are typically made from a combination of different monomers, which are the basic building blocks of polymers. The specific composition and formulation of the copolymer can vary depending on the manufacturer and intended application. The most common monomers used in turf copolymers are ethylene and propylene, although other monomers may also be included. The main purpose of using a turf copolymer in synthetic turf is to improve the performance and durability of the turf system.

Crumb Rubber and Coated Rubber Infill

Infill

Crumb Rubber is derived from scrap car and truck tires that are ground up and recycled. Two types of crumb rubber infill exist: Ambient and Cryogenic. Together these make up the most widely used infill in the synthetic sports field and landscape market. Crumb rubber infill is substantially metal free, and, according to the STC Guidelines for Crumb Rubber Infill, should not contain liberated fiber in an amount that exceeds .01% of the total weight of crumb rubber, or .6 lbs. per ton.

Coated Rubber: Both ambient and cryogenic rubber can be coated with colorants, sealers, or anti-microbial substances if desired. Coated rubber provides additional aesthetic appeal, reduction of dust by products during the manufacturing process and complete encapsulation of the rubber particle.

Density

Turf

Turf density refers to the number of synthetic fibers or blades per unit area in a synthetic turf system. It is a crucial characteristic that affects the appearance, durability, and performance of the artificial grass.

Turf density is typically measured in terms of tufts or stitches per square meter (or square foot, depending on the region). A higher density indicates a greater number of fibers tightly packed together, while a lower density means fewer fibers spread farther apart.

Here are some key factors and considerations related to turf density:

  1. Appearance: Higher turf density generally results in a fuller and more lush appearance. The closely spaced fibers create a dense and uniform surface that resembles natural grass more closely. This can be particularly important for aesthetic purposes, especially in landscaping or sports applications where visual appeal is desired.
  2. Durability: Turf density plays a role in the overall durability and resilience of the synthetic turf system. A higher density means that the fibers are more closely packed, which can enhance the turf’s ability to withstand heavy foot traffic, intense sports activities, and other forms of use without significant wear or flattening.
  3. Softness and Comfort: Turf density can influence the softness and comfort of the artificial grass surface. Higher density can provide a softer and more cushioned feel underfoot, enhancing the comfort for users, particularly in sports applications where impact absorption is important.
  4. Drainage: Turf density can affect the drainage capabilities of the synthetic turf system. A lower density allows for better water permeability through the turf, enabling efficient drainage and preventing water accumulation on the surface. This can be particularly important in areas that receive heavy rainfall or require effective water management.
  5. Maintenance: Turf density can also impact the maintenance requirements of the synthetic turf. Higher density turf tends to trap less debris and require less frequent brushing or grooming to maintain its appearance. However, it may require more intensive maintenance to ensure proper cleaning and removal of organic matter.

It’s important to note that the ideal turf density depends on the specific application and intended use of the synthetic turf. Different sports, landscaping projects, or recreational areas may have different density requirements based on factors such as usage patterns, aesthetics, and performance expectations.

Finding the right balance of turf density is essential to achieve the desired characteristics and performance of the synthetic turf system while considering factors like cost, maintenance, and specific application requirements.

Drainage System

Construction and Installation

An efficient and effective underground drainage system is an integral component of a synthetic turf system, and is designed to carry away the water that percolates through the turf. The system chosen will depend on the use of the field, climate, amount of rainfall and other factors.

Durability

Performance

Durability in turf refers to the ability of the synthetic turf system to withstand wear, tear, and external factors over an extended period without significant degradation or loss of performance. It represents the turf’s resistance to damage, fading, and other forms of deterioration, ensuring its longevity and functionality.

The durability of turf is closely related to the strength and resilience of the synthetic fibers used in its construction. High-quality fibers, such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), are engineered to withstand repeated use, foot traffic, and environmental factors without breaking, fraying, or losing their shape.

Durability in turf is evident in its ability to resist wear and tear caused by regular use, such as running, walking, or playing sports. A durable turf system should maintain its integrity, pile height, and performance characteristics even after prolonged use, minimizing the need for frequent repairs or replacements.

Synthetic turf is exposed to sunlight and UV radiation over its lifespan. A durable turf system incorporates UV stabilizers or protective coatings in the fibers and backing materials to prevent color fading, fiber degradation, or loss of structural integrity caused by prolonged sun exposure.

Infill materials play a role in the durability of a turf system. The infill, such as rubber or sand, provides stability, cushioning, and support to the fibers. A durable turf system should maintain the integrity and stability of the infill, preventing excessive migration, compaction, or degradation that can affect performance and safety.

Proper maintenance practices contribute to the durability of turf. Regular grooming, brushing, and debris removal help maintain the fibers’ upright position, prevent matting or flattening, and ensure the system functions optimally over time. Adequate drainage systems also help preserve the durability of the turf by preventing water accumulation and potential damage.

Reputable turf manufacturers often provide warranties and certifications that validate the durability of their products. These warranties typically cover specific aspects, such as fiber strength, UV resistance, or wear resistance, giving customers confidence in the longevity and durability of the turf system.

Durability is a key characteristic that ensures the long-term performance and value of synthetic turf. By selecting a durable turf system, users can enjoy a reliable and resilient playing surface that withstands heavy use, environmental factors, and the test of time, providing a visually appealing and functional space for various applications.

Edge Anchoring

Construction and Installation

Edge anchoring is the system that is designed to be installed at the perimeter of the field to attach to the synthetic turf, anchor it, and transition to whatever abuts the field, such as a running track. The anchor may consist of a concrete curb, a treated wood nailer, a composite material or a trench drain. These may vary by design and region, but should always provide a secure anchor.

Elastic Layer Pad (E-Layer)

Construction and Installation

The AstroTurf Elastic Layer Pad (E-Layer) is a specialized component used in artificial turf systems. It is designed to enhance the performance, shock absorption, and player safety of synthetic turf fields, particularly in sports applications. These pads often have a mix of small stones, foam and rubber granules bound by high grade polyurethane binder.

The E-Layer is typically paved-in-place on site, and made of recycled rubber or foam materials. It is installed directly beneath the artificial turf surface. It acts as a cushioning layer, providing an additional level of shock absorption and resilience to the turf system. Here are some key features and benefits of the AstroTurf Elastic Layer Pad:

  1. Shock Absorption: The primary function of the E-Layer is to absorb impact forces, reducing the risk of injuries to athletes. It helps to cushion falls, landings, and abrupt movements, minimizing the stress on joints and muscles. The shock-absorbing properties of the E-Layer can help prevent common sports-related injuries, such as joint sprains and concussions.
  2. Energy Return: The E-Layer is designed to provide energy return, meaning it absorbs impact energy and then releases it back to the athlete. This helps enhance performance by providing a more responsive playing surface. The energy return feature allows athletes to experience better traction and propulsion during running, cutting, and jumping movements.
  3. Turf Protection: The E-Layer helps protect the artificial turf from excessive wear and tear. It absorbs a portion of the impact energy, reducing the strain on the turf fibers and extending the lifespan of the turf system. This can result in a more durable and long-lasting playing surface, minimizing the need for frequent repairs or replacements.
  4. Consistent Playing Surface: By providing a uniform and stable base, the E-Layer helps maintain a consistent playing surface. It helps to reduce variations in surface hardness and firmness, ensuring that athletes experience consistent footing and predictable ball bounces across the entire field. This promotes fair play and helps athletes perform at their best.
  5. Drainage: Some versions of the E-Layer incorporate drainage channels or perforations to facilitate efficient water drainage through the turf system. This helps prevent water accumulation on the surface, ensuring quicker drying and reducing the risk of slippery conditions.

The AstroTurf Elastic Layer Pad is often used in high-performance sports fields, such as soccer, football, rugby, and field hockey. It is an integral component of the overall synthetic turf system, working in conjunction with other layers, such as the turf backing, infill materials, and base construction, to create a safe and high-performing playing surface.

Energy Recovery

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Use of combustible waste as a means to generate energy through direct incineration with or without other waste but with recovery of the heat. Forms of energy recovery include incineration and gasification. Gasification is considered to be more efficient and cleaner.

Environmental Impact

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Environmental impact refers to the effect that human activities have on the natural environment. It encompasses the changes, both positive and negative, that occur as a result of human actions and their consequences for ecosystems, biodiversity, natural resources, and the overall balance of the planet’s systems. Human activities can have a wide range of environmental impacts, and they can occur at various scales, from local to global.

EPDM Infill

Infill

EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) — EPDM granules are manufactured from synthetic rubber and generally produced from virgin material. Some EPDM are produced from recycled material. EPDM is a polymer elastomer with high resistance to abrasion and wear and will not change its solid form under high temperatures. Typical EPDM colors are green and tan. EPDM has proven its durability as an infill product in all types of climates. Its excellent elasticity properties and resistance to atmospheric and chemical agents provide a stable, high performance infill product.

Face Weight

Turf

Turf face weight, also known as pile weight or turf weight, refers to the weight of the synthetic turf material per unit area, typically expressed in ounces per square yard (oz/yd²) or grams per square meter (g/m²). It represents the amount of fiber or yarn used in the construction of the artificial grass and provides an indication of the density and thickness of the turf surface.

The face weight of synthetic turf is an important factor in determining its overall quality, appearance, and durability. Here are some key points about turf face weight:

  1. Density and Appearance: A higher face weight generally indicates a denser and thicker turf. It means that there are more fibers per unit area, resulting in a fuller and more lush appearance. Higher face weights are often preferred for applications where visual aesthetics are important, such as landscaping or residential use.
  2. Durability and Resilience: Face weight can also be an indicator of the turf’s durability and resilience. A higher face weight usually means that the turf has more fibers, which can enhance its ability to withstand heavy foot traffic, intense sports activities, and other forms of use without significant wear or flattening.
  3. Maintenance Requirements: The face weight of synthetic turf can influence its maintenance requirements. Higher face weights tend to trap less debris and require less frequent brushing or grooming to maintain their appearance. However, it’s worth noting that different turf systems may have specific maintenance recommendations regardless of face weight.
  4. Application-Specific Considerations: The ideal face weight for synthetic turf varies depending on the specific application. Different sports, landscaping projects, or recreational areas may have different requirements based on factors such as usage patterns, desired aesthetics, and performance expectations. It is important to consider these factors when selecting the appropriate face weight for a particular project.

While face weight is an essential consideration, it is not the sole factor that determines the quality and performance of synthetic turf. Other factors, such as fiber type, backing material, infill, and installation techniques, also play significant roles in the overall performance and longevity of the artificial grass system.

Fiber

Fiber

Typically, the fiber used in synthetic turf is textured and/or non-textured polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, or other suitable performing hybrid or copolymer in tape form or mono-filament. Minimum fiber sizes are 50 microns for polypropylene or polyester, 100 microns for tape form (slit film) polyethylene, 140-300 form mono-filament polyethylene (shape dependent), and 500 denier for nylon. Fibers should be compliant with ASTM guideline for total lead content.

Fiber Size

Fiber

Refers to the denier per filament (dpf) or thickness of a filament. Turf fiber size refers to the dimensions and characteristics of the individual fibers that make up the synthetic turf or artificial grass. It includes measurements such as length, width, and thickness of the fibers, as well as other aspects related to their structure and appearance. The fiber size of synthetic turf can vary significantly depending on the specific product, manufacturer, and intended use.

FIFA

Sport Governing Body

The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (International Federation of Association Football) is the international governing body of association football (soccer). FIFA dictates design and performance characteristics required for FIFA approved soccer fields.

FIH

Sport Governing Body

The International Hockey Foundation is the governing body of field hockey and indoor field hockey.  FIH dictates design and performance characteristics for FIH approved hockey fields.

G-max

Testing

A field’s level of shock absorbency is tested by using a unit of measurement called the g-max, where one “g” represents a single unit of gravity. The peak acceleration reached upon impact of two objects, such a football player and the synthetic turf surface, is the maximum number of g’s a field is able to absorb. A field with a higher g-max level loses its ability to absorb the force — and places more impact on the athlete during a collision, while a surface with a lower g-max absorbs more force, lessening the impact to the athlete. Using ASTM F1936 test method, g-max readings shall not exceed 200 at each test point. With proper maintenance, a synthetic turf field should have a g-max of well below 200. The g-max guideline in the STC’s Guidelines for Synthetic Turf Performance is “below 165” for the life of the synthetic turf field.

Industrial Rework (or Post-Industrial Material)

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Rework generated by a different company or manufacturing plant from the company or manufacturing plant producing the products to this specification and the composition is known by the industrial source of material.

Irrigation

Construction and Installation

Synthetic turf irrigation refers to the practice of providing water to synthetic or artificial turf systems to maintain their appearance, cleanliness, and temperature regulation. Sprinklers and irrigation systems are most commonly used for cooling, control of static electricity, and control of dust in synthetic turf systems. While natural grass requires regular watering to stay healthy, synthetic turf does not have the same water needs. However, there are situations where irrigation may be beneficial or necessary.

Landfill

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

A landfill is a designated area or site where waste materials are disposed of and managed. It is a common method of solid waste management that involves the controlled burial and containment of waste in the ground. Landfills are designed for the disposal of various types of solid waste, including household waste, construction debris, industrial waste, and other non-hazardous materials. Hazardous and toxic waste typically require specialized treatment and disposal methods outside of conventional landfills.

Lines and Markings

Construction and Installation

Lines and markings, such as sport specific game lines, logos, and numbers, should be applied to the synthetic turf surface in one of three methods: with colored fiber that is either tufted or knitted into the synthetic turf panels during the manufacturing process, installed as inlays, or with temporary or permanent paint that is approved for use on synthetic turf surfaces. Tufted-in or inlaid lines and markings are a permanent part of the surface. Painted lines and markings installed with either permanent or temporary paint require maintenance. Even permanently painted lines require additional paint on a periodic basis.

Maintenance

Maintenance

Maintaining a synthetic turf field is essential for optimum appearance, safety, playing performance, and field longevity. A regular schedule of maintenance should include surface cleaning, debris removal, grooming, and infill redistribution and de-compaction. The maintenance procedures and equipment, as specified by the synthetic turf systems builder and required for the system, should be evaluated during the selection process so that the appropriate budget resources for manpower and equipment may be allocated. Note: Refer to the Synthetic Turf Council’s Suggested Guidelines for the Maintenance of Infilled Synthetic Turf Surfaces, April 2007, for additional information.

Maintenance Log

Maintenance

A maintenance log should be kept to record the maintenance performed on the field as recommended by the field builder. A turf maintenance log is a record-keeping document or system used to track and document the maintenance activities performed on a synthetic turf field or natural grass turf area. It serves as a valuable tool for turf managers, groundskeepers, or maintenance personnel to monitor and manage the care and condition of the turf over time.

Material Recovery

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Synthetic turf material recovery refers to the process of collecting, separating, and recycling or reusing the components of synthetic turf systems at the end of their lifecycle. It aims to divert synthetic turf materials from landfills and reduce the environmental impact associated with their disposal. Synthetic turf material recovery is key to sustainable solutions.

Monofilament

Fiber

In the context of turf, monofilament refers to a specific type of synthetic turf fiber that is used to create the grass-like blades or filaments in artificial grass systems. Monofilament fibers are distinct from other types of fibers, such as slit film or fibrillated fibers, due to their unique structure and characteristics.

Here are some key features and aspects of monofilament fibers in turf:

  1. Single Strand Structure: Monofilament fibers consist of a single, solid strand of material, typically made of polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP). This is in contrast to slit film fibers, which are created by slitting sheets of material into thin strands.
  2. Appearance: Monofilament fibers are designed to mimic the look and feel of natural grass blades. They are typically thin, cylindrical, and have a consistent diameter throughout their length. The fibers can vary in length, ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters, to achieve different visual effects and turf aesthetics.
  3. Durability and Resilience: Monofilament fibers are known for their durability and resilience. The solid structure of the fibers provides strength, making them more resistant to wear, fraying, and splitting. This enables the turf to withstand heavy foot traffic and intense sports activities without significant damage or flattening.
  4. Softness and Realism: Monofilament fibers can be engineered to have a softer texture, providing a more comfortable feel underfoot. This is often achieved through innovations in fiber design and manufacturing techniques. Additionally, advancements in color blending and fiber shape contribute to creating a realistic and natural appearance.
  5. Performance Benefits: Monofilament fibers offer several performance benefits in synthetic turf systems. They can contribute to improved ball roll, ball bounce, traction, and overall playability on the turf. The uniform shape and consistent performance characteristics of monofilament fibers enhance the performance of sports fields and recreational areas.
  6. Maintenance Considerations: Turf with monofilament fibers typically requires regular maintenance, such as brushing or grooming, to keep the fibers in an upright position. This helps maintain the desired aesthetics and performance of the turf.

Monofilament fibers have become increasingly popular in synthetic turf systems due to their visual appeal, durability, and performance characteristics. They offer advantages in terms of aesthetics, playability, and longevity compared to other types of turf fibers. However, it’s important to note that the overall quality and performance of synthetic turf also depend on factors like face weight, backing material, infill type, and installation techniques.

Nylon

Fiber

A petrochemical-based fiber invented in 1938. There are two basic types of nylon: Type 6,6 nylon and Type 6 nylon. Nylon is the dominant fiber choice for commercial carpet use due to its wear characteristics. It is one of the common options alongside polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). Nylon fibers offer distinct characteristics and benefits that make them suitable for specific applications in the turf industry.

Nylon fibers are known for their exceptional durability and resilience. They have high tensile strength and can withstand heavy foot traffic, intense sports activities, and rough play. Nylon fibers are resistant to abrasion, making them less prone to wear and fraying, and they can maintain their shape and performance over an extended period.

Enhanced Rebound and Ball Roll: Nylon fibers offer good elasticity and resilience, resulting in improved rebound properties. This can enhance the ball roll, ball bounce, and overall playability on the turf. Nylon is often used in sports fields that require consistent performance and optimal playability, such as soccer, football, and rugby fields.

It’s important to note that nylon fibers are typically used in specialized applications where their specific characteristics and performance benefits are desired. They are often found in high-traffic areas, sports fields, or installations that prioritize durability, playability, and an enhanced natural appearance.

Organic Infill

Infill

There are several organic infills available in the North American market, all utilizing different organic components, such as natural cork and/or ground fibers from the outside shell of the coconut. These products can be utilized in professional sports applications as well as for landscaping. At the end of its life cycle it can be recycled directly into the environment.

Pad (or Shock Pad)

Construction and Installation

Shock attenuation pads offer an added level of protection and consistent playability to the playing surface and are designed to contribute to a safe g-max level throughout a synthetic turf field’s life. Roll out or panel systems are relatively economical and offer ease of installation. Pads can be permeable or impermeable. Some can replace all or portions of the stone base and provide both shock attenuation and drainage, while others are used in combination with a traditional stone and drainage base. Pads can be placed directly over asphalt or cement stabilized surfaces. Provided care is taken in the turf install/removal process, some last more than one turf life cycle. Some pads are made from recycled materials, while others are made from virgin materials and may be recyclable.

Perforations

Turf

For synthetic turf systems designed to be permeable to water, a system with a fully coated secondary backing will typically have holes punched into the backing at regular intervals to provide adequate vertical drainage throughout the system.

Performance Evaluation of Synthetic Turf

Testing

There are three basic categories that define the overall performance of a synthetic turf sports field: ball/surface interaction, player/surface interaction, and durability. Refer to the specific category for its definition.

Permeability

Construction and Installation

Synthetic turf and the base on which it is installed is usually designed to allow for water to percolate through it so that there is no standing water on the surface. Water permeability rates for both the field’s surfacing and the field base materials should be designed to accommodate the local weather and rainfall patterns.

Pigment

Fiber

Pigment in turf refers to the colored particles or dyes used to give synthetic turf fibers their desired hue or shade. Pigments are added to the manufacturing process of synthetic turf to provide a realistic appearance and mimic the color of natural grass. It’s important to note that pigment is only one component of the overall appearance of synthetic turf. Other factors, such as the design and shape of the turf fibers, backing material, face weight, and infill type, also contribute to the overall look and performance of the turf. Pigments play a crucial role in achieving a visually appealing and natural-looking synthetic turf system. They allow for customization, durability, and color stability, enhancing the aesthetics and enjoyment of the turf.

Pile

Turf

In the context of turf, the term “pile” refers to the upright or vertical blades or fibers that make up the surface of synthetic turf. The pile is the visible part of the turf that resembles the grass blades of natural grass. The pile is a critical component of synthetic turf, contributing to its visual appeal, playability, and resemblance to natural grass. The choice of pile height, density, material, and other characteristics is determined by the specific application, intended use, and desired aesthetics of the turf system.

Pile Height

Turf

Pile height in turf refers to the length or height of the individual blades or fibers that make up the surface of synthetic turf. It is the measurement from the base of the blade to the tip, indicating how tall the turf fibers stand above the backing material.

Here are some key points to understand about pile height in turf:

  1. Visual Appearance: Pile height plays a significant role in the visual appearance of the turf. It determines the perceived length of the grass-like fibers and influences the overall aesthetic appeal. Pile height is often selected based on the desired look and function of the turf, whether it’s a closely trimmed appearance or a more lush and natural appearance.
  2. Application-specific Considerations: The appropriate pile height for turf depends on the intended use and application. Different sports, landscaping projects, or recreational areas may have specific requirements based on factors such as usage patterns, visual preferences, and performance expectations. For example, sports fields like soccer or football typically have shorter pile heights to optimize ball roll and player traction.
  3. Performance Factors: Pile height can influence various performance factors of the turf. Longer pile heights tend to provide a softer feel underfoot, which can enhance comfort. They can also contribute to better shock absorption and impact attenuation, making them suitable for applications where safety is important. On the other hand, shorter pile heights offer improved ball response, ball roll, and playability for sports that require precise ball control.
  4. Maintenance Considerations: Pile height affects the maintenance requirements of the turf. Longer pile heights may require more frequent brushing or grooming to keep the fibers upright and prevent matting or flattening. Shorter pile heights, while requiring less maintenance in terms of fiber uprighting, may require more attention to keep the playing surface consistent and uniform.
  5. Visual Realism: Pile height is a crucial factor in achieving the desired visual realism of synthetic turf. For turf designed to mimic the appearance of natural grass, the pile height is chosen to closely resemble the height of the grass in the desired environment or style, such as residential lawns, park landscapes, or sports fields.

It’s important to note that pile height is just one factor among many that contribute to the overall quality and performance of synthetic turf. Other factors, such as fiber density, shape, material, backing type, and infill selection, should also be considered when designing and selecting turf systems.

Choosing the appropriate pile height for a specific turf application requires careful consideration of the intended use, visual preferences, performance requirements, and maintenance capabilities. Manufacturers, turf experts, or industry professionals can provide guidance on selecting the most suitable pile height based on specific needs and project requirements.

Pile Weight

Turf

Pile weight in turf refers to the weight of the fibers or blades per unit area of synthetic turf. It is a measure of the density of the fibers and provides an indication of the amount of material used in the construction of the turf. When selecting synthetic turf, it is recommended to consider a combination of factors, including pile weight, pile height, and other characteristics, based on the specific application, desired aesthetics, performance requirements, and maintenance capabilities. Consulting with manufacturers, turf experts, or industry professionals can help ensure the optimal selection of turf with the appropriate pile weight for a given project.

Plastics Recycling

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Process by which plastic materials or products that would otherwise become solid waste are collected, processed, and returned to use in plastic products that have fulfilled their intended purpose or can no longer be used.

Plastics Waste

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Plastics waste refers to discarded or unused plastic materials that have reached the end of their useful life or are no longer needed. It encompasses various types of plastic products, packaging, and materials that are discarded as waste and can have negative environmental impacts if not properly managed. Plastics waste can include a wide range of plastic materials, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), and others. These plastics are commonly used in packaging, consumer products, construction materials, and various other applications. A significant portion of plastics waste comes from single-use or disposable plastic products. These include items like plastic bags, food containers, straws, bottles, and packaging materials that are used once and then discarded. Single-use plastics have become a major concern due to their contribution to pollution and waste accumulation. Improper disposal and inadequate waste management can lead to various problems, such as pollution of land, water bodies, and oceans. Plastics can take hundreds of years to decompose, leading to long-lasting environmental harm and risks to wildlife through ingestion or entanglement.

Player-Surface Interaction

Performance

Player-surface interaction describes the performance characteristics of the field that relate to footing, shock absorbency, surface abrasion, and surface stability, for example. These characteristics are determined through testing for vertical deformation, force reduction, traction, slip resistance, energy restitution, abrasiveness, among others. Proper shoe selection is a critical component to the way a player interacts with the playing surface.

Polyethylene

Fiber

Polyethylene (PE) is a type of plastic polymer that is commonly used in the production of synthetic turf fibers for artificial grass systems. PE is known for its durability, flexibility, and resistance to environmental conditions, making it suitable for various applications, including turf. Polyethylene is used to create the fibers or blades that make up the grass-like surface of synthetic turf. These fibers are designed to closely resemble natural grass blades in terms of appearance, texture, and performance. Polyethylene fibers are highly durable and can withstand the rigors of heavy use, foot traffic, and sports activities. They have excellent tensile strength and resilience, allowing them to maintain their shape and performance over time without significant wear or flattening.

Polyethylene fibers can be engineered to have a softer texture, providing a more comfortable feel underfoot. This enhances the user experience and makes the turf suitable for various applications, including residential lawns, playgrounds, and recreational areas. Polyethylene fibers are formulated to resist the damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. This UV resistance helps maintain the color and structural integrity of the turf, preventing color fading or degradation over time. Polyethylene has good heat resistance properties, making it suitable for turf applications in hot climates or areas exposed to intense sunlight. It can withstand high temperatures without significant degradation, reducing the risk of melting or warping. Synthetic turf with polyethylene fibers typically requires regular maintenance, such as brushing or grooming, to keep the fibers in an upright position. This helps maintain the desired aesthetics and performance of the turf. However, polyethylene fibers tend to require less maintenance compared to some other materials due to their resilience and ability to recover their shape.

Polyethylene is a popular choice for synthetic turf due to its durability, natural appearance, and softness underfoot. It contributes to the overall quality, performance, and longevity of the artificial grass system. However, it’s important to note that the overall performance and characteristics of synthetic turf also depend on other factors such as pile height, density, backing material, and infill selection.

Polymer

Fiber

Polymers are large chemical molecules from which synthetic fibers, synthetic infill and backing systems are made. Polymers are complex, chain-like macromolecules which are made by uniting simpler molecules called monomers. Synthetic polymers used for synthetic turf fiber include Type 6 nylon (polyamides), polyethylene and polypropylene.

Polypropylene

Fiber, Backing

Polypropylene (PP) is a type of thermoplastic polymer that is sometimes used in the production of synthetic turf fibers for artificial grass systems. While polyethylene (PE) is more commonly used, polypropylene has certain characteristics that make it suitable for specific applications in the turf industry. Polyethylene is generally more commonly used in synthetic turf due to its superior durability, softness, and overall performance characteristics. Polypropylene is typically employed in specific applications where cost-effectiveness and lighter weight are priorities.

Polyurethane

Backing

Polyurethane (PU) is a type of polymer that is used in various applications, including in the construction of synthetic turf systems. In turf, polyurethane is primarily used as a backing material to provide stability, strength, and durability to the turf. Polyurethane is commonly used as the material for the backing layer of synthetic turf. The backing provides structural support and stability to the turf system, helping to hold the turf fibers in place and maintain their upright position.

Polyurethane backings are known for their strength and durability. They provide a stable base for the turf, enabling it to withstand foot traffic, sports activities, and environmental conditions. Polyurethane backings help the turf maintain its shape, resist deformation, and reduce the risk of sagging or wrinkling. Polyurethane backings can be applied to the turf fibers through a process called tufting or coating, where the fibers are adhered to the backing material. Polyurethane has excellent bonding properties, allowing for strong adhesion between the backing and the fibers, ensuring their stability and longevity.

Polyurethane backings have inherent water resistance, which helps protect the turf fibers from moisture absorption. This resistance helps prevent the backing from becoming waterlogged, which could lead to mold or mildew growth. It also contributes to the overall durability and lifespan of the synthetic turf system. Polyurethane is one of several options for backing materials in synthetic turf, with others including latex and polypropylene. The choice of backing material depends on factors such as performance requirements, budget considerations, and sustainability goals.

Post-Consumer Material

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Plastics material, generated by the end users of products that has fulfilled its intended purpose or can no longer be used, this includes material returned from within the distribution chain. Post-consumer material is part of the broader category of recovered material.

Post-Industrial Material

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Post-industrial material refers to waste or byproducts generated during the manufacturing or production process in industries. These materials are often unused or excess materials that are generated before the final product reaches the consumer. They are typically collected, recycled, and repurposed to reduce waste and minimize the environmental impact of industrial processes. Post-industrial materials play a vital role in the circular economy and sustainable manufacturing practices. By capturing the value of materials that would otherwise be wasted, these materials contribute to resource conservation, waste reduction, and a more environmentally responsible approach to industrial production.

Post-Installation Testing

Testing

After installation, a field should be tested periodically to record its g-max, and other safety and performance values, to determine if and what remedial maintenance is required. A schedule for on-going testing should be included and understood by the parties. Seams and inlays should be regularly inspected and repaired, as needed.

Primary Backing

Backing

The primary backing materials are of a woven or non-woven fabric in one or more layers which are utilized in the tufting process, or of high strength polyester multi-filament fiber utilized in the knitting process. This backing material provides the initial dimensional stability for the system.

Recovered Material

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

(Plastics) materials and by-products that have been separated, diverted, or removed from the solid waste stream, but not including those materials and by-products generated from the reused within an original manufacturing process. This definition includes post-consumer and post-industrial material only, whether or not plastic material has been commingled, reprocessed, reground or reconstituted.

Recovery

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

In the context of turf, recovery refers to the process of rejuvenating or restoring the condition and performance of synthetic turf after it has undergone wear, damage, or degradation. Recovery efforts aim to revitalize the turf’s appearance, functionality, and safety by addressing issues such as compaction, infill displacement, fiber flattening, or general wear and tear.

Recovery in turf is an essential aspect of turf management to extend the lifespan, optimize performance, and maintain a visually appealing and safe playing surface. Professional turf managers or maintenance personnel are typically responsible for implementing recovery strategies based on the specific needs and condition of the turf.

Recyclate

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Recyclate in turf refers to the recycled materials or components used in the manufacturing or production of synthetic turf systems. It involves incorporating recycled materials, such as recycled plastics, into the production process to create new turf products.

Recyclate typically consists of post-consumer or post-industrial plastic waste that has undergone recycling processes. These materials can include recycled polyethylene (PE) or other recycled plastics obtained from various sources, such as plastic bottles, containers, packaging, or industrial waste.

Recycled Content

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Recycled content in turf refers to the proportion or percentage of materials used in the manufacturing or production of synthetic turf that are derived from recycled sources. It represents the amount of recycled materials incorporated into the turf system, typically including recycled plastics, rubber, or other recyclable components.

Recycled content in turf typically consists of post-consumer or post-industrial waste materials that have undergone recycling processes. These materials can include recycled plastics, such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), obtained from sources like plastic bottles, containers, packaging, or industrial waste. Recycled rubber from old tires is also commonly used in infill materials.

Recycled Plastic

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Recycled plastic in turf refers to the use of post-consumer or post-industrial plastic waste that has undergone recycling processes in the manufacturing or production of synthetic turf systems. It involves transforming discarded plastic materials into new products, such as synthetic turf fibers, backing materials, or infill components.

Recycled plastic in turf is derived from plastic waste that has been collected, sorted, and processed through recycling facilities. The plastic waste may come from various sources, including plastic bottles, containers, packaging, or industrial plastic waste. Different types of plastic can be recycled and incorporated into synthetic turf systems. Common plastics used include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and others. These plastics are often recycled into pellets or granules, which are then used as raw materials for the production of turf components.

The recycled plastic undergoes a manufacturing process to transform it into turf components. This process may involve melting and extrusion to form synthetic turf fibers, molding or coating to create backing materials, or pelletizing for infill materials. The manufacturing process ensures that the recycled plastic is transformed into high-quality turf components.

Recycling

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Recycling is the process of collecting, sorting, and processing waste materials to convert them into new products or raw materials that can be used to create new goods. It involves the transformation of discarded materials, often referred to as recyclables, into reusable materials through various physical, chemical, or mechanical processes.

Recycling plays a crucial role in waste management and resource conservation. It helps reduce the strain on natural resources, mitigates environmental impacts, and supports the transition to a more sustainable and circular economy.

Regrind

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Regrind in turf refers to the process of recycling or reprocessing synthetic turf materials, specifically the infill or backing components, to create new products or reuse the material in turf systems. Regrind involves grinding or shredding the existing turf components to break them down into smaller pieces or granules, which can then be repurposed or incorporated into new turf installations.

Resource Recover

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Resource recovery in turf refers to the process of extracting valuable resources or materials from waste generated in the production, installation, or maintenance of synthetic turf systems. It involves identifying, collecting, and repurposing materials that would otherwise be discarded as waste, thereby minimizing environmental impact and maximizing resource utilization.

Reuse

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Reuse refers to the practice of utilizing an item or material again for its original purpose or for a different purpose without significant modification or processing. It involves extending the lifespan and utility of a product or material by using it multiple times before it becomes waste. Reuse is an important aspect of waste reduction and resource conservation.

RootZone

Thatch

AstroTurf’s patented RootZone is  texturized layer of fibers that draw down to encapsulate infill, results in minimal rubber splash, better shock absorbency and durability, making RootZone systems the top choice for athletes and field owners alike. RootZone features a unique fiber blend that ensures exceptional resilience, allowing the turf to withstand heavy usage, intense play, and challenging weather conditions. Say goodbye to excessive wear and tear – RootZone is built to last.

Stability is the backbone of any exceptional turf system, and RootZone delivers just that. The advanced root-like structure intertwines with the infill, providing unmatched stability and reducing infill migration. It’s time to enjoy a surface that stays in place, no matter the intensity of the game. Safety is a top priority, and RootZone excels in this area. The integrated shock-absorbing properties minimize the risk of injuries, ensuring a safer playing environment for athletes of all ages and skill levels. Give your players the confidence to push their limits, knowing that safety is never compromised.

RootZone’s lifelike appearance will captivate both players and spectators alike. With its meticulously engineered fibers and realistic color blend, it replicates the look and feel of natural grass, creating a visually stunning playing surface that adds beauty to any venue. We believe in sustainability, and RootZone is no exception. Crafted with eco-friendly materials and incorporating recycled content, it exemplifies our commitment to preserving the environment while delivering top-notch performance.

Sand (Silica) and Coated Silica Sand Infill

Infill

Pure silica sand is one of the original infilling materials utilized in synthetic turf. This product is a natural infill that is non-toxic, chemically stable and fracture resistant. Silica sand infills are typically tan, off-tan or white in color and – depending upon plant location – may be round or sub-round in particle shape. As a natural product there is no possibility of heavy metals, and the dust/turbidity rating is less than 100. It can be used in conjunction with many other infills on the market to provide a safe and more realistic playing surface. The round shape plays an integral part in the synthetic turf system. It is important that silica sand have a high purity (greater than 90%) to resist crushing and absorption of bacteria and other field contaminants. Silica sand can either be coated with different materials as a standalone product or can be used to firm up in combination with traditional crumb rubber infill systems.

Coated Silica Sand. This class of infill consists of coated, high-purity silica sand with either a soft or rigid coating specifically engineered for synthetic turf. These coatings are either elastomeric or acrylic in nature (non-toxic) and form a bond with the sand grain sealing it from bacteria to provide superior performance and durability over the life of a field. Coated sand is available in various sizes to meet the application’s needs.

Depending on the amount and type of infill, coated sands can either be used with or without a pad and are available in various colors. All of the coatings are non-toxic and are bonded to the quartz grain for superior performance and durability over the life of your field. These materials are typically used as a homogenous infill which provides both ballast and shock absorbing qualities to a synthetic turf application.

Seam

Construction and Installation

Synthetic turf materials are manufactured in panels or rolls that are usually 15 feet wide. Each panel or roll should be attached to the next with a seam to form the fabric of the field. Seams should be glued with a supplemental backing material or sewn with high strength sewing thread. The bonding or fastening of all system material components should provide a permanent, tight, secure, and hazard-free athletic playing surface. Seam gaps should be uniform. For tufted infill systems the gap between the fibers should not exceed the gauge of the tufting.

Seaming Tape

Construction and Installation

Seaming tape is commonly used for seams and/or inlaid lines and markings. The tape is comprised of a fabric that should be installed below the backing material on both sides of a seam or inlay. The fabric used for seaming tape should provide dimensional strength and enough surface texture to bond well with the adhesive.

Seam Repair

Maintenance

Seams that open or become loose may require some immediate and temporary gluing until they can be inspected and corrected by the installation builder. The gluing should conform to the written maintenance suggested guidelines provided by the synthetic turf vendor.

Secondary Backing

Backing

The secondary backing materials are applied through a coating process with a single or multiple applications of one or various materials. A tufted fabric typically receives a suitable coating of polyurethane, latex, hot melt, or other coatings or fabrics in various weight and thickness configurations, depending on individual system design. The secondary backing provides an additional level of tuft bind and structural integrity to the synthetic turf.

Shock Pad

Construction and Installation

A shock pad in turf refers to a layer of specialized material installed beneath the synthetic turf system to enhance safety, comfort, and performance. It is designed to absorb impact and reduce the risk of injuries during sports or recreational activities by providing cushioning and shock absorption properties. The primary purpose of a shock pad is to improve player safety by reducing the force of impact on the body during falls, collisions, or intense movements on the turf. It acts as a shock absorber, minimizing the risk of injuries, particularly to joints, muscles, and bones.

The shock pad is typically installed directly beneath the synthetic turf system. It is laid on top of the base layer or sub-base, providing a stable foundation for the turf. The shock pad is carefully designed and installed to ensure proper alignment, coverage, and integration with the turf system. A shock pad is designed to withstand the rigors of heavy use and maintain its performance over time. Proper maintenance, such as regular inspection, cleaning, and ensuring proper drainage, can help prolong the lifespan and effectiveness of the shock pad.

A shock pad is an essential component in many high-performance synthetic turf systems, particularly those used in sports fields, playgrounds, or other recreational areas. It provides an added layer of safety and performance, allowing athletes and users to enjoy the benefits of synthetic turf while minimizing the risk of injuries.

Shredding

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Shredding in turf refers to the process of breaking down or cutting synthetic turf components, such as fibers or infill materials, into smaller pieces or granules. Shredding is typically done using specialized machinery or equipment to achieve the desired size and texture of the shredded material. Shredding is primarily done to modify the size or shape of synthetic turf components. It can serve various purposes depending on the specific application. For example, shredding fibers can create a different texture or appearance, while shredding infill materials can help achieve a specific granule size for optimal performance.

Synthetic Fiber

Fiber

Synthetic fiber in turf refers to the artificial or man-made fibers used to create the grass-like blades or filaments in synthetic turf systems. These fibers are designed to replicate the look, feel, and performance of natural grass, providing a durable and low-maintenance alternative for various applications such as sports fields, residential lawns, or landscaping.

Synthetic turf fibers are typically made from synthetic materials, most commonly polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP). These materials offer excellent durability, resilience, and resistance to weathering and UV degradation. Synthetic turf fibers come in various shapes and textures to mimic natural grass. Common blade shapes include flat, oval, diamond, or “C” shape, each providing unique performance characteristics such as resilience, ball roll, or traction. Textures may include ribbed or serrated surfaces to enhance realism and reduce shine.

Synthetic fibers can be constructed in different ways, including monofilament or slit-film construction. Monofilament fibers are single strands, while slit-film fibers are flat and have been slit or cut into multiple strands. Each construction method offers specific benefits in terms of appearance, durability, and performance. Synthetic turf fibers vary in length, with options ranging from shorter pile heights to longer fibers that replicate the appearance of natural grass. The density of fibers refers to the number of fibers per square inch or meter and affects the overall appearance, durability, and performance of the turf.

Synthetic turf fibers are engineered to deliver specific performance characteristics. These include resilience, which ensures the fibers bounce back after being compressed; softness for comfort and player safety; durability to withstand heavy use and foot traffic; and resistance to fading, UV degradation, and environmental factors. Synthetic fibers are available in various shades of green to match different grass varieties. The colors are typically created using pigments or dyes that are integrated into the fiber material during the manufacturing process. The color selection aims to replicate the natural look of healthy grass.

Synthetic turf fibers require minimal maintenance compared to natural grass. Regular brushing or grooming may be recommended to keep the fibers upright and evenly distributed. Synthetic fibers are designed to withstand the rigors of heavy use and can maintain their appearance and performance for many years.

TPE Infill

Infill

Thermo plastic elastomer (TPE) infill is non-toxic, heavy metal free, available in a variety of colors that resist fading, very long lasting, and 100% recyclable and reusable as infill when the field is replaced. TPE infill, when utilizing virgin-based resins, will offer consistent performance and excellent g-max over a wide temperature range. The chemical composition of this type of colored infill granules are in general made of copolymers of ethylene, butadiene, and styrene or are polyurethane elastomers utilizing of isocyanides depending on the formula.

Tuft

Turf

In the context of turf, a tuft refers to a cluster or bundle of synthetic fibers that are tightly anchored or stitched into the turf backing. These tufts are individual units of grass-like blades that collectively form the surface of the synthetic turf system. The tufts in synthetic turf are created by securing the synthetic fibers to the turf backing through a variety of methods. This attachment can be achieved through tufting, which involves threading the fibers through the backing and securing them with adhesive or stitching.

Tuft Bind

Testing

Tuft binding in turf refers to the process of securing the synthetic turf fibers to the backing material to create tufts or clusters of fibers. It involves the use of adhesive or stitching techniques to firmly attach the fibers to the backing, ensuring they remain in place and maintain the desired orientation.

Urethane

Backing

Urethane in turf refers to the use of polyurethane, a type of synthetic resin, in the production of synthetic turf systems. Urethane is used as a key component in the backing material of the turf, providing strength, stability, and durability to the overall system. The backing material in synthetic turf is a layer that supports the synthetic fibers and provides stability to the turf system. Urethane is often used as a binder or coating in the backing material to hold the synthetic fibers in place and create a solid foundation. Urethane enhances the strength and stability of the turf system. It helps to secure the synthetic fibers, preventing them from becoming dislodged or shifting excessively during use. Urethane backing provides a solid base that contributes to the overall durability and longevity of the turf. Urethane used in synthetic turf systems is designed to meet safety standards and regulations. It is formulated to be non-toxic, non-allergenic, and safe for human and environmental use. Manufacturers take precautions to ensure that the urethane and other materials used in the turf meet applicable safety guidelines.

Virgin Plastic

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Virgin plastic refers to plastic resin or material that has been produced from non-recycled, new or raw materials derived from fossil fuels (such as petroleum or natural gas). This material comes in the form of pellets, granules, powder, floc, or liquid that has not been subjected to use or processing other than that required for its initial manufacture. This means it is the opposite of recycled plastic, in that it has not gone through any previous use or recycling processes.

Warranty

Warranty

Warranties for the synthetic turf field systems should be clearly understood and may include the following:

  • Acceptable uses for the field
  • Expected number of yearly hours of use of the field
  • Type of shoes used
  • Fading
  • Color match within specifications
  • Excessive fiber wear
  • Acceptable loss of pile height over time
  • Wrinkling and panel movement
  • Shock absorbency (g-max)
  • Seam integrity
  • Drainage
  • Response time for required repairs or replacement
  • Other items deemed relevant

Waste

Resource Recovery (ASTM D7209)

Waste refers to any material, substance, or product that is discarded, unwanted, or no longer serves a purpose. It encompasses a wide range of materials generated from human activities, including residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural sectors.

Waste can be classified into various categories based on its origin, composition, and potential for environmental impact. Common types of waste include municipal solid waste (household waste), industrial waste, hazardous waste, construction and demolition waste, electronic waste (e-waste), agricultural waste, and more.

World Rugby

Governing Body

The governing body for the sport of Rugby Union and Rugby Sevens. World Rugby dictates design and performance characteristics required for approved rugby fields.

Yarn

Fiber

Yarn in turf refers to the synthetic fibers that are used to create the grass-like blades or filaments in synthetic turf systems. It is the primary component that gives the turf its visual and functional resemblance to natural grass. Yarn in turf is typically made from synthetic materials, most commonly polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP). These materials are processed and extruded into long strands or filaments, which are then further treated and shaped to resemble natural grass blades.

Yarn in turf can be manufactured in a variety of blade shapes and textures to mimic different grass species or meet specific design requirements. Common blade shapes include flat, oval, diamond, or “C” shape. Textures may include ribbed or serrated surfaces to enhance realism and reduce shine. Yarn fibers are engineered to be durable and resilient, capable of withstanding heavy use, foot traffic, and environmental conditions. They are designed to resist wear, fading, and degradation caused by exposure to UV radiation, moisture, and temperature fluctuations.

Yarn in turf is available in various shades of green to mimic the appearance of natural grass. The color is achieved through the use of pigments or dyes that are integrated into the fiber material during the manufacturing process. The selection of colors aims to replicate the variations found in healthy, vibrant grass. Yarn fibers can be designed to provide a soft and comfortable surface for users. This is particularly important in sports applications, where player safety and performance are paramount. Softness is achieved through the selection of appropriate materials and fiber construction techniques.

Yarn in turf is engineered to deliver specific performance characteristics, such as resilience, traction, ball roll, and playability. These characteristics may vary depending on the intended use of the turf, whether it’s for sports fields, residential lawns, or landscaping. The density and pile height of the yarn fibers influence the overall appearance and performance of the turf system. Density refers to the number of fibers per square inch or meter, while pile height refers to the length of the fibers. These factors contribute to the turf’s aesthetics, durability, and functionality.

Yarn in turf is a fundamental component that provides the visual and functional aspects of synthetic turf systems. Through careful design and engineering, yarn fibers replicate the look, feel, and performance of natural grass, offering a durable, low-maintenance alternative for a variety of applications.

Yarn Weight

Turf

The total weight of the yarn in the turf. Also commonly referred to as face weight and/or pile weight.

By familiarizing yourself with these terms, you’ll be better equipped to navigate your artificial turf options and select the best product for your needs. Remember, every turf installation is unique, and the right product for you will depend on a variety of factors including your budget, the area’s usage, and your personal preferences. Many of the glossary terms are provided courtesy of the Synthetic Turf Council.

Meet our company

About AstroTurf®

For athletes and sports enthusiasts, AstroTurf® has redefined the way the game is played. The brand offers advanced, state-of-the-art, multi-sport, and specialized synthetic turf systems with proprietary engineered technologies. A growing number of high schools, colleges, and professional sports teams and municipalities continue to select AstroTurf®-branded products for their premium quality, technical superiority, and safety. To learn more, visit AstroTurf’s redesigned website at www.astroturf.com.